Black Umbrella
Introduction
Black Umbrella was established in 1984 in London. Even when the postwar modern art scene had become international, the West continued to maintain total control on it, in terms of who should be recognised as modernism’s historical players. Consequently, artists from other than the West were either marginalised arbitrarily or excluded from the history of art that claimed to be representing the whole world. The aim of Black Umbrella has been to confront this situation by promoting independent research work and scholarship, and undertaking publicationsthat would instead present a true picture of art from all over the world.Our main publication the art and visual culture journal,Third Text, began in 1987, and was published by us until 2001, when its publication and world distribution were undertaken, on our behalf, by Routledge,Taylor & Francis,UK.